Optimization of sorbitol, glycerol, and propyleneglycol mixture in sunscreen gel of ethanolic extract of Curcuma mangga

The research about optimization of sorbytol, glycerol, and propyleneglycol mixture  in  sunscreen  gel  of  ethanolic  extract  of  Curcuma  mangga has  been done.  The  aims  of  this  research  was  to  discover  the optimum  mixture  of sorbytol,  glycerol  and  propyleneglycol  that  gave  good  physycal  characteristic  of the  gel.  First, made the ethanolic extract of Curcuma mangga as active ingredient.  The SPF value of the ethanolic extract of Curcuma mangga was measured.  Simplex  lattice  design  was  employed  to  create  the  optimum composition  of  sorbitol,  glycerol  and  propyleneglycol  in  the  sunscreen  gel. Physical characteristic of the gel including spreadability, viscosity and the alteration of the gel viscosity was measured. The result showed that there were optimum composition between sorbytol, glycerol and propyleneglycol which gave good  physical  characteristics  based  on  the  shading  area  at  the  counterplot superimposed.Keywords: sorbitol, glycerol, propyleneglycol, Curcuma mangga, sunscreen ge

NANOPARTICLE AS THE STRATEGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SARS-COV-2 ANTIVIRAL DRUGS

In just a matter of months, SARS-CoV-2 had spread around the world. Scientists collaborate to solve the problem. The development of antiviral drugs is a challenge in itself due to the rapidly changing nature of the virus. Selection of drug candidates can be done quickly through the repurposing drug method. Broad-spectrum antiviral drugs may be strong candidates for SARS-CoV-2 therapy. Nanotechnology is one solution in the development of antiviral drug delivery systems. The advantages possessed by the nanoparticle system can answer the need for an ideal antiviral drug. This article will focus on the development of nanoparticle preparations as a strategy in handling viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. The selection of article for the current review was searched from specialized databases such as Elsevier, Pubmed, Science Direct, Medscape and other credible databases using the keywords nanoparticle, SARS-CoV-2, Covid-19, drug repurposing, polymeric nanoparticle, micelle, liposome, solid lipid nanoparticle, nanostructured lipid carrier, dendrimer, metallic nanoparticle. The range of articles was 2007–2021

An Analysis of Students' Grammatical Errors in Writing Recount Text at Eleventh Grade of SMA Negeri 5 Prabumulih

This thesis is entitled "An Analysis of Students' Grammatical Errors in Writing Recount Text at Eleventh Grade of SMA Negeri 5 Prabumulih". Formulation of the problems: What is the most common Grammatical Error made by the Eleventh Grade Students of SMA Negeri 5 Prabumulih? The research objectives were to find out the most common grammatical errors made by the eleventh-grade students of SMA Negeri 5 Prabumulih. The population of this research was all the eleventh grade of SMA Negeri 5 Prabumulih in the academic year of 2020/2021, which consisted of five classes with a total population of 133 students. The sample of this study was 30 students taken using the purposive sampling technique. The researchers used a descriptive qualitative method. The data was collected through a writing test for students to make a recount text. The analysis finding showed that the total of student errors was 76. There were 31 omission errors (42, 46%), 22 addition errors (30, 13%), 15 misformation errors (20, 54%), and 8 misordering errors (10, 95%). The researchers conclude that the highest percentage of errors was omission errors, which were the dominant errors

PEMBUATAN DAN UJI AKTIVITAS SEDIAAN GEL SCARLESS WOUND DENGAN EKSTRAK BINAHONG DAN ZAT AKTIF IBUPROFEN

Wound is a condition where the tissue was damaged. The body will repair this damage by wound healing mechanism which often leads to the formation of scar. The scar is caused by the inflammation phase of wound healing mechanism. Ibuprofen is one of the antiinflammatory agent that can inhibit or shorten the inflammatory phase by inhibit cyclooxygenase enzyme in prostaglandin synthesize. Prostaglandin has an important role on the formation of inflammatory phase. Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis.) has a potential activity as a wound healing agent. Binahong contains ascorbic acid which is impotant for the activation of prolyl-hydroxygenase enzyme that support hydroxylation phase in the process of collagen formation, so that the wound healing process can be acceletared. In this research, a gel preparation with binahong extract was combined with ibuprofen to form a scarless wound gel. This research was purely experimental. The test method used is a histopahological test which continued with a calculation of collagen area and a physical properties test. The collagen area calculation data were analyzed by independent sample t-test with 95% confidence interval. In this research, the addition of ibuprofen was expected to reduce the scar formation on incisional wound of white Swiss Webster mice. The result showed that the gel preparation with binahong extract and ibuprofen formed statistically less scar when compared to the gel preparation with binahong extract only

PEMBUATAN DAN UJI AKTIVITAS SEDIAAN UNGUENTA SCARLESS WOUND HEALING DENGAN EKSTRAK BINAHONG (Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis) DAN ZAT AKTIF ANTIINFLAMASI NATRIUM DIKLOFENAK

Wounds often leave scars that interfere with skins aesthetic, even lead to health problems, in some of people, scars tend to grow excessively cause of keloid scarring or cuts. One of the causes of scarring wounds is the process of long-term inflammation. Diclofenac sodium is a bitter taste substances. Diclofenac sodium is a selective inhibitor, which inhibit COX-2 in inflammatory processes. Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) is one of the plants in Indonesia, which came from China. Binahong leaves contain saponins, flavonoids, namely quinon, steroids, monoterpenoid, and sesquiterpenoid which has been known as a wound healer. The making of ointment scarless wound healing dosage form is by combining binahong leaves extract and the addition of anti-inflammatory agent diclofenac sodium (F4), which expected to reduce the wound scar on the Switzerland Webster strain mices skin that has bleed with incision method. The test that has been used is histopathology test followed by an extensive calculation of collagen. The calculation data were analyzed using T-test with 95% confidence level. The results from this research indicate that ointment of binahong extract and diclofenac sodium (F4) produce less scar

PEMBUATAN DAN UJI AKTIVITAS SEDIAAN GEL SCARLESS WOUND DENGAN EKSTRAK BINAHONG DAN ZAT AKTIF PIROXICAM

Wound is a condition where the tissue integrity is damaged so that body will attempt to repair the damaged tissue by wound healing mechanism. This mechanism usually results in the scar formed by its inflammatory phase. Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) contains ascorbic acid and flavonoids which are important for collagen formation, to improve the rate of the wound healing process. Piroxicam can shorten or detain the inflammatory phase by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes in the prostaglandine synthesis process, which play an important role in scar formation. The aim of this research is to discover if the combination of piroxicam and binahong extract in the scarless wound gel could offer scar reduction effect. In this research, a gel preparation with binahong extract was combined with piroxicam to develop the scarless wound gel (BinPirox). The research was purely experimental. It was done by conducting a histopathological test followed by collagen area calculation. The data were analyzed by independent sample t-test with 95% significancy level. In this research, the addition of piroxicam was expected to reduce the scar formation on incisional wound of white Swiss Webster mice (Mus musculus). The result showed that BinPirox formed statistically less scar when compared to Bin (a gel preparation with binahong extract)